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Exam Summary Guide

GIS and Remote Sensing

12 chapters distilled into exam-ready summaries with past questions and key answers

12 Chapters 67+ Q&As IOE Exam Preparation

Exam Priority Ranking

Priority	Chapters	Why
Critical	Ch 9 (River Network), Ch 11 (Remote Sensing), Ch 7 (Raster Analysis)	Numerical every exam, 10–16 marks; spectral signatures asked 20+ times
High	Ch 6 (Vector Analysis), Ch 10 (GPS), Ch 3 (Spatial Data), Ch 1 (Intro GIS)	6–10 marks; theory-heavy, appears frequently
Medium	Ch 2 (Maps), Ch 4 (Data Sources), Ch 5 (Database), Ch 8 (Surface), Ch 12 (Maps)	4–6 marks; supplementary, occasionally asked

All Chapters

1
Introduction to GISDefinition, components, four Ms, GIS vs Cartography/CAD/DBMS
High
2
GIS and MapsProjections, Nepal datum/MUTM, GCS vs PCS, RMS error, scale
Medium
3
Spatial Data ModelsVector vs raster, compression (RLE, quadtree), topology, TIN
High
4
Data SourcesError types, direct/indirect capture, metadata, quality
Medium
5
Database ConceptsRDBMS, DBMS types, normalisation, SQL and JOIN
Medium
6
Vector AnalysisGeoprocessing, clip vs intersect, buffering, site selection
High
7
Raster AnalysisIDW/Kriging/Splines, local/focal/zonal, weighted overlay, NDVI
Critical
8
Surface ModelDEM/DTM/DSM, data sources, grid vs TIN, slope & aspect
Medium
9
River Network GenerationSink filling, D8 flow direction, flow accumulation, watershed
Critical
10
GPSThree segments, trilateration, DGPS/RTK, error sources, GDOP
High
11
Remote SensingActive vs passive, spectral signatures, 4 resolutions, Landsat 8
Critical
12
Making Maps7 visual variables, map elements, choropleth/graduated/dot maps
Medium