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Past Exam Questions

Chapterwise Past Exam Questions

6 Chapters 150+ Questions · 2069–2081 BS

Chapter 1: Technology 8 Hours

1.1 Definition

  1. Define Technology, Environment, and Society. Justify the statement "Technology is Irreversible" with suitable examples. [4+4] (2081 Chaitra, Q1)
  2. Define technology. Discuss about the characteristics of technology with suitable example. [2+6] (2080 Chaitra, Q1)
  3. Define technology. [2] (2079 Chaitra, Q1)
  4. Define technology. [2] (2078 Chaitra, Q1)
  5. Define technology. [2] (2074 Magh, Q1)
  6. What do you mean by technology? [2] (2072 Ashwin, Q1)
  7. Define technology is the foundation of civilization. [Part of 8] (2072 Magh, Q1)

1.2 Impact of Technology on Environment & Society

  1. Define technology and its impact on societies. [Part of 8] (2071 Bhadra, Q1)
  2. Discuss the impact of technology on environment and society. [6] (2078 Chaitra, Q1)
  3. How technological advancement places impact on environment and society? [Part of 8] (2073 Bhadra, Q1)
  4. Write down benefit of technology on environment and society. [Part of 8] (2079 Chaitra, Q1)
  5. Discuss with suitable examples on how development activities have impacts on environments and society. [8] (2079 Chaitra, Q4)
  6. Discuss the impact of technology on society. [Part of 8] (2072 Magh, Q1)
  7. Write the positive as well as negative impact of technology on society. [4] (2070 Bhadra, Q1)
  8. How Nepalese society is impacted by technology in course of time? [Part of 8] (2069 Bhadra, Q4)

1.3 Benefits of Technology Due to New Inventions

  1. Discuss the benefits of modern technology for the promotion of innovative researches and their output application in various fields. [4+4] (2079 Jestha, Q1)
  2. Write down benefits of technology in education sector. [6] (2072 Ashwin, Q1)
  3. As a civil engineer how have you been benefited by technologies? [6] (2074 Magh, Q1)

1.4 Conflict of Technology, Technology Creates Opportunity for Society to Change

  1. Describe how technology helps create opportunity while transforming a society. [6] (2077 Chaitra, Q1)

1.5 Appropriate Technology

  1. Define appropriate technology with suitable examples. [2] (2077 Chaitra, Q1)
  2. What is appropriate technology? [Part of 8] (2073 Bhadra, Q1)
  3. Describe the role of appropriate technology on transforming a society. [8] (2079 Shrawan, Q1)
  4. Define appropriate technology and its relevancy to LDC. [Part of 8] (2071 Bhadra, Q1)
  5. What are appropriate technologies? How are they useful in least developed countries like Nepal? Justify with suitable examples. [8] (2075 Bhadra, Q2)
  6. What are the elements for the sustainable development? How can you say Indigenous technology are sustainable in case of Nepal. [8] (2074 Bhadra, Q1)
  7. What are the elements for the sustainable development? How can you say Indigenous technology are sustainable in case of Nepal. [8] (2073 Magh, Q1)
  8. Write notes on: Appropriate Technology. [4] (2071 Magh, Q6b)

1.6 Intermediate Technology, Labor Based and Labor Intensive Technology

  1. Define Labor based and labor intensive technology with suitable example. [4] (2078 Kartik, Q1)
  2. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of labor based and labor intensive development approach with suitable examples. [8] (2079 Chaitra, Q2)

1.7 Shifts in Employment Due to Technological Advancement

  1. Explain the technology provides shift in employment. [8] (2073 Bhadra, Q5)
  2. Write short notes on: Technology and shift in employment. [4] (2069 Bhadra, Q6b)

1.8 Role of Technology to Unmask Old Social Problems, Society’s Control of Technology

  1. How technology unmask old social problem? Justify your answer with suitable examples. [8] (2076 Bhadra, Q1)
  2. How technology can control the price of basic commodities? Explain. [8] (2075 Bhadra, Q5)
  3. “Technology can control price” Do you agree with this statement. Support your views with examples. [8] (2069 Bhadra, Q3)

1.9 Impact of Technology on Culture, Tradition and Societal Values

No questions directly addressing this subtopic in the provided papers.

1.10 Technology Is Irreversible

  1. Justify technology is irreversible. [4] (2078 Kartik, Q1)

1.11 Agricultural Age, Industrial Age and Information Age

  1. What is “Agricultural Age”, “Industrial Age” and “Information Age”? Explain. [4] (2070 Bhadra, Q1)
  2. What do you mean by an Information Society? Differentiate it with agricultural and industrial society. [8] (2076 Bhadra, Q3)
  3. Define industrial revolution, industrial society and information society. [Part of 8] (2069 Bhadra, Q1)

1.12 Characteristics of Information Society

  1. What do you understand by information society? [8] (2072 Magh, Q2)
  2. Explain information society. Also write down characteristics of information age. [7] (2071 Magh, Q1)
  3. Describe briefly the characteristics of information society. [Part of 8] (2073 Bhadra, Q1)
  4. What is meant by industrial and information society? Discuss the impacts of computer and cybernetics in creating information society that makes the whole world as a global village. [8] (2070 Magh, Q1)

1.13 Information as Power and Wealth

No questions directly addressing this subtopic in the provided papers.

Chapter 2: Development Approach 6 Hours

2.1 LEP (Labor Based, Environment Friendly and Participatory)

  1. What is LEP? [Part of 7] (2071 Magh, Q2)
  2. Describe briefly about the LEP development approach. [4] (2080 Chaitra, Q2)
  3. Discuss LEP approach in infrastructure development. [4] (2071 Bhadra, Q3a)
  4. Describe the LEP Approach for the development of Nepal? [Part of 8] (2072 Ashwin, Q2)
  5. Discuss about the LEP development approach with both merits and demerits. [8] (2077 Chaitra, Q2)
  6. How do you describe the LEP Approach for the development of Nepal? Explain advantages and disadvantages of LEP Approach. [8] (2074 Bhadra, Q5)
  7. How do you describe the LEP Approach for the development of Nepal? Explain advantages and disadvantages of LEP Approach. [8] (2073 Magh, Q5)
  8. What are the essential features of Participatory approach? Write down the advantages and disadvantages of public participation on developing project. [2+6] (2076 Bhadra, Q2)
  9. Why participatory planning approach is important for sustainable infrastructure development? [4] (2079 Jestha, Q2)

2.2 Community Management, Engineer’s Role as Facilitator

  1. Define community management. [2] (2078 Chaitra, Q2)
  2. Discuss about participatory approach for community management. [Part of 8] (2075 Bhadra, Q1)
  3. Discuss about participatory approach for community management. [Part of 7] (2071 Magh, Q2)
  4. Discuss about participatory approach for community management and engineer roles as facilitator in development activities. [4+4] (2079 Shrawan, Q2)
  5. Discuss about participatory approach for community management and engineer roles as facilitator in development activities. [8] (2078 Kartik, Q2)
  6. Discuss the role of engineers as facilitators in community-led development project. [4] (2080 Chaitra, Q2)
  7. Discuss the role of engineer in community development. [8] (2073 Bhadra, Q4)
  8. Discuss the role of Engineer in Community Management. [4] (2071 Bhadra, Q3b)

2.3 Key Features of Infrastructure Development Policies of Nepal

  1. Write some key features of infrastructure development policies of Nepal. [6] (2070 Bhadra, Q1)
  2. What are the different key features of infrastructure development policies of Nepal? [3] (2070 Magh, Q3)

2.4 Ethnographic Approach to Collect Information

  1. List out main data collection methods in ethnographic survey. Explain the importance of ethnographic survey to understand societal dynamics. [3+5] (2081 Chaitra, Q2)
  2. What do you understand by ‘ethnographic data collection approach’? [3] (2079 Jestha, Q2)
  3. Discuss about ethnographic approach for community management. [Part of 7] (2071 Magh, Q2)

2.5 Participatory Approach as Community Empowerment

  1. Explain community empowerment process of LEP Approach. [Part of 8] (2072 Ashwin, Q2)
  2. Describe how participatory approach encourages to empowerment community in development activity. [6] (2078 Chaitra, Q2)
  3. How participatory approach encourage to empowerment community in development activity. [8] (2074 Magh, Q2)
  4. How participatory approach encourage to empowerment community in development activity? [2] (2070 Bhadra, Q1)
  5. Do participatory approaches empower community, justify your answer. [5] (2070 Magh, Q3)

2.6 Participatory Tools, Focus Group Discussions, Key Informants Interview

No questions directly addressing this subtopic in the provided papers.

2.7 Participatory Observation, Structured Questionnaire

No questions directly addressing this subtopic in the provided papers.

2.8 Resource Mapping, Wealth Ranking, Poverty Definition

  1. What do you mean by Resource Mapping? [Part of 8] (2075 Bhadra, Q1)

Chapter 3: Brief History of Human Civilization 4 Hours

3.1 Early Civilization

  1. State the different ages of human development. [3] (2070 Magh, Q2)

3.2 Great Renaissance of Europe

  1. Describe in brief about the “Great Renaissance of Europe” with key features. [4] (2077 Chaitra, Q3a)
  2. Discuss intellectual revival of Europe in 13 to 15 century. [5] (2071 Bhadra, Q7)

3.3 Early Part of Industrial Revolution

  1. Define industrial revolution. [2] (2079 Shrawan, Q3)
  2. Describe briefly the impact of early part of industrial revolution. [3] (2070 Bhadra, Q1)
  3. Define industrial revolution. Describe the environmental consequences industrial revolution. [1+3] (2080 Chaitra, Q4a)
  4. Describe the major changes the industrial Revolution brought to human civilization. [8] (2073 Magh, Q4)

3.4 Transformation of Industrial Society into Information Society

  1. Discuss in brief about the transition phase of industrial to information society in terms of challenges and opportunities. [4] (2081 Chaitra, Q3a)
  2. Discuss in brief on transformation of industrial society to information society. [4] (2078 Chaitra, Q3a)
  3. Describe in brief an how industrial society transformed to information society. [4] (2078 Kartik, Q3)
  4. Discuss about the transformation from industrial to information society. [Part of 8] (2069 Bhadra, Q1)
  5. How industrial societies enter into information society? [5] (2071 Magh, Q3)

3.5 Impact of World War I & II

  1. Discuss about world war I and world war II along with the positive and negative impacts. [8] (2074 Magh, Q3)
  2. Describe the impact of World War I and II in our society. [5] (2070 Bhadra, Q1)
  3. Write the key developments on technology during first and Second World War and their positive and negative impact on population. [5] (2070 Magh, Q2)

3.6 Rise of Environmental Issues

No questions directly addressing this subtopic in the provided papers.

3.7 Climate Change as a Threat to Human Civilization

  1. Justify with suitable examples on how climate change becomes threat to human civilization. [4] (2079 Chaitra, Q3a)
  2. “Climate change is a Threat to Human Civilization!!”. Justify it. [5] (2079 Jestha, Q3)
  3. Justify, that climate change has become a great threat to human civilization. [6] (2079 Shrawan, Q3)

Chapter 4: Environment 3 Hours

4.1 Definition

  1. Define environment and ecosystem? [Part of 8] (2073 Magh, Q3)
  2. Define environment, and ecosystem. [Part of 8] (2070 Magh, Q4)

4.2 Importance, Ecology & Ecosystem

  1. Define ecosystem and ecology. How increasing population disturbs to natural ecosystem and how to minimize the disturbance? [2+3] (2070 Bhadra, Q1)
  2. What are the primary reasons for human interventions in the ecosystem? [8] (2074 Bhadra, Q3)
  3. What are the primary reasons for human interventions in the ecosystem? How natural resources of ecosystem is converted into wealth? [8] (2072 Ashwin, Q3)
  4. Write notes on: Ecology and Ecosystem. [4] (2071 Magh, Q6c)
  5. Write short notes on: Ecology, ecosystem and its characteristics. [4] (2069 Bhadra, Q6a)

4.3 Conservation of Environment

No questions directly addressing this subtopic in the provided papers.

4.4 Optimum Utilization of Natural Resources

  1. Define conflict of resources and optimum use of natural resources with examples. [4] (2081 Chaitra, Q3b)
  2. What do you understand by optimum utilization of natural resources for environment conservation? [3] (2079 Jestha, Q4)

4.5 Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

  1. What are the renewable and non-renewable energy resources? [3] (2079 Jestha, Q4)
  2. Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable energy. [5] (2071 Bhadra, Q6)

4.6 Conflict of Resources

  1. Describe about conflict of resources with suitable examples. [4] (2078 Chaitra, Q3b)
  2. Discuss about conflict of resources with suitable example. [4] (2078 Kartik, Q3)

4.7 Global Environmental Issues

  1. Define regional and global environmental issues. And also discuss briefly about the factors contributing to global warming. [4] (2079 Chaitra, Q3b)
  2. Discuss briefly on the Global Environmental issues and its driving force. [4] (2077 Chaitra, Q3b)

4.8 Environmental Issues of Nepal

  1. List out the major environmental issues of Nepal. [3] (2070 Bhadra, Q1)
  2. Discuss about the major environmental issues of Nepal. [Part of 8] (2074 Bhadra, Q2)
  3. List out the key environmental issue people facing in Kathmandu valley and discuss about the pressing factors of those environmental issue. [1+3] (2080 Chaitra, Q4b)
  4. What are the major environmental issues in Nepal? Discuss along with the causes and mitigation measures. [8] (2074 Magh, Q4)
  5. Discuss the major environmental issues of Nepal? What are the causes of acid rain? [8] (2072 Ashwin, Q5)
  6. What is the major environmental problem of Nepal? [4] (2069 Bhadra, Q4)

Chapter 5: Water and Air Pollution 6 Hours

5.1 Fecal-Oral Infection Transmission Route

  1. Describe Fecal-oral infection transmission route with examples of primary and secondary barriers. [6+2] (2080 Chaitra, Q5)
  2. Explain fecal-oral group of infections. [4] (2076 Bhadra, Q5)
  3. Describe the fecal oral transmission route. [Part of 8] (2072 Magh, Q3)

5.2 Preventive Measures

  1. Discuss preventive measures to transmit fecal-oral group of infections. [4] (2076 Bhadra, Q5)

5.3 On-Site Sanitation (Including Eco-Sanitation)

No questions directly addressing this subtopic in the provided papers.

5.4 Importance of Health Education

  1. Discuss about the importance of health education. [Part of 8] (2073 Bhadra, Q2)
  2. Discuss the role of the health education regarding the water pollution in environment. [Part of 8] (2072 Magh, Q3)

5.5 Organic Pollution

  1. Define organic and inorganic pollutant with example. Describe the mitigative measures of the indoor air pollution in our context. [4+4] (2081 Chaitra, Q4)
  2. What is organic pollution in water? Discuss in detail aerobic digestion and anaerobic digestion with practical examples. [8] (2073 Bhadra, Q6)

5.6 Inorganic Pollution (Nitrate, Fluoride, Iron, Manganese, Calcium, Arsenic, Heavy Metal, Insecticides & Pesticides)

  1. Describe how the disposal of sludge and industrial waste results in pollution of river, lakes and canals? Recommended appropriate mitigation measures to minimize the impacts. [Part of 8] (2073 Magh, Q3)
  2. Describe how the disposal of sludge and industrial waste results in pollution of river, lakes and canals? Recommended appropriate mitigation measures to minimize the impacts. [Part of 8] (2070 Magh, Q4)
  3. Write notes on: Pesticide Hazards in Nepal. [4] (2071 Magh, Q6a)
  4. Describe about the industrial wastewater and its treatment methods. And, list out the major causes of polluting Bagmati River in Kathmandu. [8] (2069 Bhadra, Q2)

5.7 Sources, Causes & Impacts of Air Pollution

  1. What are the sources, causes and impact of air pollution? [5] (2079 Jestha, Q5)
  2. What are the impacts of air pollution? [Part of 8] (2079 Shrawan, Q4)
  3. What are the sources, causes and impacts of air pollution? [4] (2078 Kartik, Q4)
  4. What are the sources, causes and impacts of air pollution? [Part of 8] (2073 Bhadra, Q2)
  5. What is air pollution? What are the causes and impacts of air pollution? [Part of 8] (2075 Bhadra, Q3)
  6. Write down causes and effects of air pollution. [Part of 8] (2072 Magh, Q5)
  7. Write down in detail causes and effects of air pollution. [Part of 8] (2071 Bhadra, Q2)
  8. What are the sources of Air and Water Pollution? [4] (2070 Bhadra, Q4)
  9. List and the key causes of water and air pollution in the Kathmandu Valley. [4] (2078 Chaitra, Q4)
  10. Explain the reason of air and water pollution in the Kathmandu valley with its major mitigation measures. [4+4] (2077 Chaitra, Q4)
  11. Write short notes on: Air pollution, pollutant, its impacts and control measures. [4] (2069 Bhadra, Q6c)
  12. Write short notes on: Acid rain, its impacts and control measures. [4] (2069 Bhadra, Q6d)

5.8 Mitigation Measures

  1. How can air pollution be mitigated? [Part of 8] (2079 Shrawan, Q4)
  2. What are the mitigation measures of air pollution? [Part of 8] (2075 Bhadra)
  3. Write down mitigation measures of air pollution. [Part of 8] (2072 Magh, Q5)
  4. Write down in detail mitigation measures of air pollution. [Part of 8] (2071 Bhadra, Q2)
  5. Recommend key mitigation measures for air pollution in Kathmandu valley. [4] (2078 Kartik, Q4)
  6. How can we reduce air pollution of Kathmandu? [Part of 8] (2074 Bhadra, Q2)
  7. Recommend mitigation measures to air and water pollution. [4] (2078 Chaitra, Q4)
  8. Write some mitigation measures of water and air pollution. [4] (2070 Bhadra, Q4)

5.9 Indoor Air Pollution

  1. What causes indoor air pollution? What could be done to reduce indoor air pollution in rural Nepal? [7] (2071 Magh, Q4)

5.10 Severity of Its Problems in Nepal

  1. Highlight the Nepal’s effort to address environment protection issues. [4] (2079 Jestha, Q5)

Chapter 6: Climate Change 3 Hours

6.1 Definition, Causes, Impacts

  1. Define weather, climate change, and climate variability. Justify the statement “think globally act locally” with respect to global warming. [4+4] (2081 Chaitra, Q5)
  2. Define climate change & climate variability. List out the challenges of climate changes being faced by our country. [2+2] (2080 Chaitra, Q3)
  3. Define climate change with suitable example of extreme events. [4] (2078 Chaitra, Q5)
  4. What is climate change? [Part of 8] (2072 Magh, Q4)
  5. What are the factors contributing to the climate change? [Part of 8] (2075 Bhadra, Q4)
  6. Describe causes and Impacts of climate change. [Part of 8] (2074 Bhadra, Q4)
  7. List out the climate change gases. Explain the effect of climate change. [4+Part of 4] (2076 Bhadra, Q4)
  8. Write short notes on: Causes and impacts of climate change. [4] (2078 Kartik, Q5a)
  9. What are the factors contributing to climate change? Discuss about the impacts of climate change in case of Nepal. [8] (2074 Magh, Q5)
  10. What do you mean by climate change? Write major symptoms of climate changes in Nepal. [Part of 8] (2073 Magh, Q2)
  11. What are the factors contributing to global warming? Outline their sources, impacts and mitigation measures of global warming. [8] (2072 Ashwin, Q4)
  12. What do you mean by climate change? Write major symptoms of climate changes in Nepal. [1+4] (2070 Magh, Q5)
  13. What is climate change? Describe its impacts and potential mitigation measures. [1+4] (2070 Bhadra, Q5)
  14. What is climate change? Write down its probable impacts and problems mitigation measures that Nepal can adopt. [5] (2071 Bhadra, Q5)
  15. What is climate change? Describe its impacts and potential mitigation measures. [Part of 8] (2069 Bhadra, Q5)

6.2 Mitigation Measures

  1. What would be the appropriate mitigation measures to reduce the effect of climate change? [Part of 8] (2072 Magh, Q4)
  2. Discuss about climate change and adaptation measure from Nepalese perspective. [8] (2073 Bhadra, Q3)
  3. Write short notes on: Mitigation measures to climate change. [4] (2078 Kartik, Q5c)
  4. Describe its impacts and potential mitigation measures. [2] (2069 Bhadra, Q5)

6.3 International Efforts to Mitigate Its Problems

  1. Discuss about national and international efforts to tackle climate change. [4] (2080 Chaitra, Q3)
  2. What are the key international efforts to combat climate change effects? How Nepal can be streamlined to it? [8] (2079 Chaitra, Q5)
  3. Elaborate the International efforts to combat climate change effects. [5] (2079 Jestha, Q6)
  4. Describe about key international efforts to mitigate climate change impacts. [4] (2078 Chaitra, Q5)
  5. Explain briefly the international efforts towards mitigation measures undertaken globally. [Part of 8] (2075 Bhadra, Q4)
  6. Write down international efforts. [Part of 4] (2076 Bhadra, Q4)
  7. State some international efforts for mitigation and adaptation of climate change induced problems. [Part of 8] (2073 Magh, Q2)
  8. Describe international efforts made to address climate change. [3] (2070 Bhadra, Q5)
  9. State some national and international efforts for mitigation and adaption of climate induced problems. [3] (2070 Magh, Q5)
  10. Write short notes on: Climate Change and International Efforts. [4] (2077 Chaitra, Q5b)
  11. Describe international efforts made to address this problem. [Part of 8] (2069 Bhadra, Q5)

6.4 Bio-Gas, Organic Farming

  1. Discuss on, how Bio-gas and organic farming help minimize climate change. [8] (2079 Shrawan, Q5)
  2. Write short notes on: Bio-gas and its suitability in Terai Region of Nepal. [4] (2077 Chaitra, Q5a)

6.5 Deforestation and Its Consequences

  1. Write short notes on: Deforestation and its consequences. [4] (2077 Chaitra, Q5c)

6.6 Importance of National Parks, Conservation Areas and Forestation in Nepal

  1. Describe the importance of national parks, conservation areas and forestation programs in Nepal as an effective strategy to reduce green house gas emission. [6] (2071 Magh, Q5)
  2. How can we protect our National Parks and Conservation Areas. [Part of 8] (2074 Bhadra, Q4)
  3. Write short notes on: National Park and its importance. [4] (2078 Kartik, Q5b)

Chapterwise Past Exam Questions — Technology, Environment & Society (CE 753) — 2069–2081 BS